De por qué Juan Ramón Jiménez renunció a ser novelista: el poeta y su teoría de la novela

This article has attempts et explain the reason behind the renunciation of the novel by Juan Ramón Jiménez, apart from possessing a notable capacity for invention and deeply involved in this period in expressing his innovative ideas, Juan Ramón came uo against an impossible obstacle in his plans to develop and express his ideas trough the novel. His aim was to write novels in his capacity as a poet. As a result he wished to create novels as prolongation of his poems. The poet realised the futility of his undertaking when he saw that his major aesthetic norms did not coincide with the genre of the novel, not even in the «novela lírica» and Platero y yo which remain his closest prose expression to poetry.Este artículo tiene por objeto explicar las razones de la renuncia de Juan Ramón Jiménez a convertirse en novelista. A pesar de poseer una notable capacidad inventiva y de estar inmerso en la época más propicia para materializarla, Juan Ramón encuentra un obstáculo insalvable para desarrollar su faceta de novelista. Su propósito era escribir novelas desde su condición de poeta. En consecuencia, quería hacer de sus novelas una prolongación de su poesía. El poeta se percató de lo inviable de su empresa cuando comprobó que algunas de sus normas estéticas no se adecuaban al género de la novela, ni siquiera en su manifestación más cercana a la poesía («novela lírica»)

Bioinduced precipitation of barite and celestite in dolomite microbialites Examples from Miocene lacustrine sequences in the Madrid and Duero Basins, Spain

This paper provides an ancient analogue for biologically mediated celestite and barite formation in dolomite precipitating microbial mats developed in lacustrine environments during the Miocene. Barite and celestite occurrences were studied in three temporally and spatially separated sedimentary successions: S1 and S2 in the Madrid Basin and S3 in the Duero Basin. In S1, macrocrystalline selenite gypsum occurs as laterally continuous beds; in the two other successions (S2 and S3), calcite pseudomorphs of lenticular gypsum aggregates are hosted in dolomite beds as evidence for the former presence of this evaporite. In S1, only celestite is associated with dolomite. Celestite crystals occur as both intergrown clusters, concentrated in pockets likely created by the dissolution of intrasedimentary anhydrite precursors, and as single precipitates associated with dolomite masses that replace selenite gypsum. Celestite crystals are nucleated commonly on organic substances that are pervasively associated with them. In S2 and S3, scarce single celestite crystals are restricted to calcite pseudomorphs after gypsum, whereas barite is the sulphate precipitated in the pseudomorphs' surroundings. Barite is commonly present as patchy poikilotopic crystals which include microbial structures and is embedded in organic matter. Additionally, barite is found as a secondary precipitate within Ba-bearing feldspars. Feldspar weathering is, thus, envisaged as amajor source of barium at these sites. Petrographical, isotopic and compositional observations point out that the barite and celestite formation was not caused by abiological processes only. Rather, the patchy distribution of the sulphates, close links to organic matter with biogenic isotope signatures, and inclusion of microbial structures, such as biologically mediated dolomite, provides evidence for the involvement of microbes in the formation of the sulphates. The coprecipitation of barite and celestite with dolomite entails complex interactions between different microorganisms and reinforces the biological formation of dolomite in saline lakes

Micelle-Triggered b-Hairpin to a-Helix Transition in a 14-Residue Peptide from aBinding Choline- Repeat of the Pneumococcal Autolysin LytA

Choline-binding modules (CBMs) have a bb-solenoid structure composed of choline-binding repeats (CBR), which consist of a b-hairpin followed by a short linker. To find minimal peptides that are able to maintain the CBR native structure and to evaluate their remaining cholinebinding ability, we have analysed the third b-hairpin of the CBM from the pneumococcal LytA autolysin. Circular dichroism and NMR data reveal that this peptide forms a highly stable native-like b-hairpin both in aqueous solution and in the presence of trifluoroethanol, but, strikingly, the peptide structure is a stable amphipathic a-helix in both zwitterionic (dodecylphosphocholine) and anionic (sodium dodecylsulfate) detergent micelles, as well as in small unilamellar vesicles. This b-hairpin to a-helix conversion is reversible. Given that the b-hairpin and a-helix differ greatly in the distribution of hydrophobic and hydrophilic side chains, we propose that the amphipathicity is a requirement for a peptide structure to interact and to be stable in micelles or lipid vesicles. To our knowledge, this “chameleonic” behaviour is the only described case of a micelle-induced structural transition between two ordered peptide structures

Gene expression pattern in swine neutrophils after lipopolysaccharide exposure: a time course comparison

Background: Experimental exposure of swine neutrophils to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) represents a model to study the innate immune response during bacterial infection. Neutrophils can effectively limit the infection by secreting lipid mediators, antimicrobial molecules and a combination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) without new synthesis of proteins. However, it is known that neutrophils can modify the gene expression after LPS exposure. We performed microarray gene expression analysis in order to elucidate the less known transcriptional response of neutrophils during infection. Methods: Blood samples were collected from four healthy Iberian pigs and neutrophils were isolated and incubated during 6, 9 and 18 hrs in presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. RNA was isolated and hybridized to Affymetrix Porcine GeneChip®. Microarray data were normalized using Robust Microarray Analysis (RMA) and then, differential expression was obtained by an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: ANOVA data analysis showed that the number of differentially expressed genes (DEG) after LPS treatment vary with time. The highest transcriptional response occurred at 9 hr post LPS stimulation with 1494 DEG whereas at 6 and 18 hr showed 125 and 108 DEG, respectively. Three different gene expression tendencies were observed: genes in cluster 1 showed a tendency toward up-regulation; cluster 2 genes showing a tendency for down-regulation at 9 hr; and cluster 3 genes were up-regulated at 9 hr post LPS stimulation. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed a delay of neutrophil apoptosis at 9 hr. Many genes controlling biological functions were altered with time including those controlling metabolism and cell organization, ubiquitination, adhesion, movement or inflammatory response. Conclusions: LPS stimulation alters the transcriptional pattern in neutrophils and the present results show that the robust transcriptional potential of neutrophils under infection conditions, indicating that active regulation of gene expression plays a major role in the neutrophil-mediated- innate immune respons

The ten most cited articles of the journal “Nutricion Hospitalaria”

Después de 36 años de publicación ininterrumpida de la revista Nutrición Hospitalaria, hemos recopilado los diez artículos más citados. Se muestra también la relación de los diez artículos con más citas a escala mundial; asimismo se estratifican las citaciones según el idioma, inglés o español, la temática o los años analizados. Nutr. Hosp. es, a nivel mundial, la revista de nutrición ibero-latinoamericana mejor valorada. Por el volumen de artículos publicados, con 369 ítems citables en 2014, Nutr Hosp se sitúa en cuarto lugar de todas las revistas de nutrición. Permitir la publicación de artículos en inglés o hacerlo simultáneamente en castellano y en inglés, así como estar en régimen de “Open Access” sin restricción de ningún tipo en la difusión desde el momento de aparición de los artículos, son probablemente elementos favorecedores de las citas.After 36 years of continued publication of the journal Nutrición Hospitalaria, a list with the ten most cited articles published in it is elaborated. The top ten most cited articles in the world literature and stratification according to language, English or Spanish, subject, or period of time published are also analyzed. Nutr Hosp is the most important Ibero latin American nutrition journal. Nutr Hosp published 369 items in 2014 gaining the fourth position among all the world’s journals devoted to nutrition. Article publication in English, or simultaneously in Spanish and English and Open Access policy probably benefit the number of citations

Intrinsic value of the impact factor of scientific journals

Se analiza el porqué de las citaciones de los artículos. Se realizan también algunas consideraciones sobre el factor de impacto de las revistas, sus ventajas y sus posibles defectos. El factor de impacto de las revistas, desde su popularización por el Institute for Scientific Information, ha tomado una gran importancia como parámetro objetivo de evaluación de las revistas científicas y, por extensión, de todo lo que las rodea. No hay correlación con el desfase en factores de impacto de algunas revistas anglosajonas y el de las revistas escritas en otros idiomas. Probablemente se benefician de publicar en inglés y del llamado “efecto Mateo”, según el cual los investigadores científicos eminentes cosechan aplausos mucho más nutridos que otros investigadores, menos conocidos, por contribuciones equivalentes. Es paradójico también que los grandes descubrimientos de nuestra época no figuren entre los 100 artículos más citados. No hay tampoco una correlación entre todos los artículos aparecidos en una publicación y su factor de impacto; la mitad de los artículos de una revista son citados diez veces más que la otra mitad. Los artículos citados 0 veces reciben el mérito de los mejores. Lo ortodoxo sería utilizar en cada artículo el número de citas que recibe, que sería su propio factor de impacto y, para los autores, el índice H.The reason of higher number of citations of some articles is discussed. Some considerations about the journals’ impact factor, its merits and its pitfalls are also made. Scientific journals’ impact factor, popularized by the Institute for Scientific Information, has become an objective parameter for authors’ evaluation and also for institutions and other related circumstances. There is no reason for the impact factor’s gap between some English journals and those written in other languages. English journals probably benefit of the “Mathew’s effect”, according to which eminent scientists are more rewarded by similar contributions than others less known. It is paradoxical that most of the major achievements of our age do not appear among the 100 most cited articles. There is no homogeneity among all the articles appearing in each scientific journal: half of the articles are cited ten times more than the other half. However, those articles cited 0 times are credited like the better ones. Each article should be evaluated by its own citations, which would be its impact factor; the authors should be evaluated by their H index

Facies dolomíticas de sistemas lacustres miocenos en las cuencas del Duero y de Madrid. Rasgos indicativos de su origen microbiano

This work is centred on the dolomite facies from lower and middle Miocene sedimentary successions of the Madrid and Duero basins, Central Spain. The general sedimentary context for dolomitebearing formations is well established in mudflat-(saline) lake systems developed in closed basins. Traditionally, early diagenetic dolomitization processes of carbonate precursors have been invoked to explain the dolomite formation in those sedimentary environments. However, the sedimentary, isotopic, mineralogical and petrographic results support that dolomite was formed as a primary product linked to microbial activity. The epicellular precipitation of dolomite on coccoid bacteria accounted for the formation of diagnostic hollow crystals. High intracrystalline porosity rates, and poor crystallized morphologies are also typical textures of the dolomite crystals. In spite of the lithostratigraphic and the spatial variability of the study successions, the dolomite features show scarce variability, which confirms that microbial imprints can be preserved in the geological record, and validates its use as biomarkers

Historia de la nutrición clínica española (2): La contribución de SENPE y de la revista Nutrición Hospitalaria

Segunda parte del texto y fotografías de la exposición HISTORIA DE LA NUTRICIÓN CLÍNICA ESPAÑOLA: LA CONTRIBUCIÓN de LA SENPE, presentada los días 6 a 12 de mayo de 2015 en Alicante, con ocasión de la celebración del XXX Congreso Nacional de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral (SENPE).Se aborda la aportación que ha realizado la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral (SENPE) a la nutrición clínica, a través del análisis de los principales elementos que han configurado su proyecto de asociacionismo científico: los inicios y el contexto científico y asistencial que determinó su puesta en marcha, las características y la evolución de los socios y de las juntas directivas, los congresos y las reuniones científicas organizadas, la importancia que ha adquirido la revista Nutrición Hospitalaria como referente para la comunicación científica en el ámbito de las ciencias de la nutrición y las actividades encaminadas a promover la investigación y la formación continuada (grupos de trabajo, publicaciones, etc.)